Protons are spin-½ fermions & are composed of valence quarks,[3] making them baryons (a sub-type of hadrons). The up quarks & down quark of the proton are held together by the strong force, mediated by gluons.[4] A contemporary point of view has the proton composed of the valence quarks (up, up, down), the gluons, & temporary pairs of sea quarks. The proton has an about exponentially decaying positive charge distribution with a mean square radius of about 0.8 fm.[5]
Protons & neutrons are both nucleons, which may be bound together by the nuclear force to form atomic nuclei. The nucleus of the most common isotope of the hydrogen atom (with the chemical symbol "H") is a lone proton. The nuclei of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium & tritium contain proton bound to & neutrons, respectively. All other types of atomic nuclei are composed of or more protons & various numbers of neutrons.
Protons & neutrons are both nucleons, which may be bound together by the nuclear force to form atomic nuclei. The nucleus of the most common isotope of the hydrogen atom (with the chemical symbol "H") is a lone proton. The nuclei of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium & tritium contain proton bound to & neutrons, respectively. All other types of atomic nuclei are composed of or more protons & various numbers of neutrons.
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