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(Redirected from Protons)
This article is about the proton as a subatomic molecule. For the watery manifestation of the hydrogen particle regularly experienced in organic chemistry, see Hydronium. For different utilization, see Proton (disambiguation).
Proton
Quark structure proton.svg
The quark structure of the proton. (The color duty of individual quarks is not critical, just that every one of the three colors are available.)
Classification baryon
Composition 2 up quarks, 1 down quark
Statistics fermionic
Interactions gravity, electromagnetic, frail, solid
Symbol p, p+, N+
Antiparticle antiproton
Theorized william Prout (1815)
Discovered ernest Rutherford (1917–1919, named by him, 1920)
Mass
1.672621777(74)×10−27 kg[1]
938.272046(21) Mev/c2[1]
1.007276466812(90) u[1]
Mean lifetime >2.1×1029 years (stable)
Electric charge +1 e
1.602176565(35)×10−19 C[1]
Charge radius 0.8775(51) fm[1]
Electric dipole moment <5.4×10−24 e·cm
Electric polarizability 1.20(6)×10−3 fm3
Attractive minute
1.410606743(33)×10−26 J·t−1[1]
1.521032210(12)×10−3 μb[1]
2.792847356(23) μn[1]
Attractive polarizability 1.9(5)×10−4 fm3
Spin 1⁄2
Isospin 1⁄2
Parity +1
Condensed i(jp) = 1⁄2(1⁄2+)
The proton is a subatomic molecule with the image p or p+ and a positive electric charge of 1 primary charge. One or more protons are available in the core of every iota. Protons and neutrons are all things considered alluded to as "nucleons". The amount of protons in the core of an iota is alluded to as its nuclear number. Since every component has an extraordinary number of protons, every component has its own particular remarkable nuclear number. The name proton was given to the hydrogen core by Ernest Rutherford in 1920, in light of the fact that in past years he had found that the hydrogen core (known to be the lightest core) could be concentrated from the cores of nitrogen by impact, and was along these lines a competitor to be a central molecule and building square of nitrogen, and all other heavier nuclear cores.
In the current Standard Model of molecule material science, the proton is a hadron, and like the neutron, the other nucleon (molecule display in nuclear cores), is made out of three quarks. Before that model turning into an accord in the material science group, the proton was viewed as an essential molecule. In the advanced perspective, a proton is made out of three valence quarks: two up quarks and one down quark. The rest masses of the quarks are considered 1% of the proton's mass. The rest of the proton mass is because of the dynamic vitality of the quarks and to the vitality of the gluon fields that tie the quarks together.
Since the proton is not an essential molecule, it has a physical size—despite the fact that this is not splendidly decently characterized since the surface of a proton is sort of fluffy, because of being characterized by the impact of constrains that don't arrive at an unexpected end. The proton is around 0.84–0.87 fm in radius.[2]
The free proton (a proton not bound to nucleons or electrons) is a stable molecule that has not been seen to break down spontaneously to different particles. Free protons are discovered regularly in various circumstances in which energies or temperatures are sufficiently high to independent them from electrons, for which they have some natural inclination. Free protons exist in plasmas in which temperatures are so high it is not possible permit them to join with electrons. Free protons of high vitality and speed make up 90% of astronomical beams, which engender in vacuum for interstellar separations. Free protons are emitted specifically from nuclear cores in some uncommon sorts of radioactive rot. Protons additionally come about (alongside electrons and antineutrinos) from the radioactive rot of free neutrons, which are insecure.
At sufficiently low temperatures, free protons will tie to electrons. Be that as it may, the character of such bound protons does not change, and they remain protons. A quick proton traveling through matter will abate by connections with electrons and cores, until it is caught by the electron billow of a particle. The result is a protonated molecule, which is a synthetic compound of hydrogen. In vacuum, when free electrons are available, a sufficiently abate proton may get a solitary free electron, turning into an unbiased hydrogen iota, which is synthetically a free radical. Such "free hydrogen molecules" have a tendency to respond artificially with numerous different sorts of particles at sufficiently low energies. At the point when free hydrogen iotas respond with one another, they structure unbiased hydrogen atoms (H2), which are the most well-known atomic segment of sub-atomic mists in interstellar space. Such atoms of hydrogen on Earth might then serve (among numerous different utilization) as a helpful wellspring of protons for quickening agents (as utilized as a part of proton treatment) and other hadron molecule physical science explores that oblige protons to quicken, with the most compelling and noted illustration being the Large Hadron Collider.
Substance [hide]
1 Description
2 Stability
3 Quarks and the mass of the proton
4 Charge range
5 Interaction of free protons with normal matter
6 Proton in science
6.1 Atomic number
6.2 Hydrogen particle
6.3 Proton atomic attractive thunder (NMR)
7 History
8 Human introduction
9 Antiproton
10 See additionally
(Redirected from Protons)
This article is about the proton as a subatomic molecule. For the watery manifestation of the hydrogen particle regularly experienced in organic chemistry, see Hydronium. For different utilization, see Proton (disambiguation).
Proton
Quark structure proton.svg
The quark structure of the proton. (The color duty of individual quarks is not critical, just that every one of the three colors are available.)
Classification baryon
Composition 2 up quarks, 1 down quark
Statistics fermionic
Interactions gravity, electromagnetic, frail, solid
Symbol p, p+, N+
Antiparticle antiproton
Theorized william Prout (1815)
Discovered ernest Rutherford (1917–1919, named by him, 1920)
Mass
1.672621777(74)×10−27 kg[1]
938.272046(21) Mev/c2[1]
1.007276466812(90) u[1]
Mean lifetime >2.1×1029 years (stable)
Electric charge +1 e
1.602176565(35)×10−19 C[1]
Charge radius 0.8775(51) fm[1]
Electric dipole moment <5.4×10−24 e·cm
Electric polarizability 1.20(6)×10−3 fm3
Attractive minute
1.410606743(33)×10−26 J·t−1[1]
1.521032210(12)×10−3 μb[1]
2.792847356(23) μn[1]
Attractive polarizability 1.9(5)×10−4 fm3
Spin 1⁄2
Isospin 1⁄2
Parity +1
Condensed i(jp) = 1⁄2(1⁄2+)
The proton is a subatomic molecule with the image p or p+ and a positive electric charge of 1 primary charge. One or more protons are available in the core of every iota. Protons and neutrons are all things considered alluded to as "nucleons". The amount of protons in the core of an iota is alluded to as its nuclear number. Since every component has an extraordinary number of protons, every component has its own particular remarkable nuclear number. The name proton was given to the hydrogen core by Ernest Rutherford in 1920, in light of the fact that in past years he had found that the hydrogen core (known to be the lightest core) could be concentrated from the cores of nitrogen by impact, and was along these lines a competitor to be a central molecule and building square of nitrogen, and all other heavier nuclear cores.
In the current Standard Model of molecule material science, the proton is a hadron, and like the neutron, the other nucleon (molecule display in nuclear cores), is made out of three quarks. Before that model turning into an accord in the material science group, the proton was viewed as an essential molecule. In the advanced perspective, a proton is made out of three valence quarks: two up quarks and one down quark. The rest masses of the quarks are considered 1% of the proton's mass. The rest of the proton mass is because of the dynamic vitality of the quarks and to the vitality of the gluon fields that tie the quarks together.
Since the proton is not an essential molecule, it has a physical size—despite the fact that this is not splendidly decently characterized since the surface of a proton is sort of fluffy, because of being characterized by the impact of constrains that don't arrive at an unexpected end. The proton is around 0.84–0.87 fm in radius.[2]
The free proton (a proton not bound to nucleons or electrons) is a stable molecule that has not been seen to break down spontaneously to different particles. Free protons are discovered regularly in various circumstances in which energies or temperatures are sufficiently high to independent them from electrons, for which they have some natural inclination. Free protons exist in plasmas in which temperatures are so high it is not possible permit them to join with electrons. Free protons of high vitality and speed make up 90% of astronomical beams, which engender in vacuum for interstellar separations. Free protons are emitted specifically from nuclear cores in some uncommon sorts of radioactive rot. Protons additionally come about (alongside electrons and antineutrinos) from the radioactive rot of free neutrons, which are insecure.
At sufficiently low temperatures, free protons will tie to electrons. Be that as it may, the character of such bound protons does not change, and they remain protons. A quick proton traveling through matter will abate by connections with electrons and cores, until it is caught by the electron billow of a particle. The result is a protonated molecule, which is a synthetic compound of hydrogen. In vacuum, when free electrons are available, a sufficiently abate proton may get a solitary free electron, turning into an unbiased hydrogen iota, which is synthetically a free radical. Such "free hydrogen molecules" have a tendency to respond artificially with numerous different sorts of particles at sufficiently low energies. At the point when free hydrogen iotas respond with one another, they structure unbiased hydrogen atoms (H2), which are the most well-known atomic segment of sub-atomic mists in interstellar space. Such atoms of hydrogen on Earth might then serve (among numerous different utilization) as a helpful wellspring of protons for quickening agents (as utilized as a part of proton treatment) and other hadron molecule physical science explores that oblige protons to quicken, with the most compelling and noted illustration being the Large Hadron Collider.
Substance [hide]
1 Description
2 Stability
3 Quarks and the mass of the proton
4 Charge range
5 Interaction of free protons with normal matter
6 Proton in science
6.1 Atomic number
6.2 Hydrogen particle
6.3 Proton atomic attractive thunder (NMR)
7 History
8 Human introduction
9 Antiproton
10 See additionally
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